اسعد جاسب صلبوخ العتابي

This study was designed to detect equine piroplasmosis using the molecular technique in Al-Najaf province during the season that showed an increment in tick activities. Blood samples were collected from 110 horses with more than two signs of piroplasmosis. After DNA extraction, the product was examined by a polymerase chain reaction to amplify 18SrRNA. The results showed that the overall percentage of equine theileriosis was 38.18%. According to gender, the percentage of infection was 43.48% and 29.27% in females and males, respectively. Significant variations appeared between infected horses according to age, and the percentage of infection was 50% and 35.22% in less than 2 years and more than 2 years age, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of infection was 62.5% and 19.35% in animals with and without acariasis, respectively. Significant variations were also seen in equine theileriosis according to geographical areas, and the higher percentage was reported in Hera district (60.87%), while the lowest percentage was in the center of Al-Najaf (21.43%). This difference may be due to different distribution of vector of disease (tick), which may be the availability of the suitable weather that helped in the multiplication of the intermediate vectors. In conclusion, this study proved the variations in the occurrences of equine piroplasmosis according to gender, age, and geographical areas.

Abstract Brucellosis is an occupational disease for veterinarians, farmers, and meatpacking workers. It causes heavy economic losses in livestock in developing countries and has an important public health issue for dairy product consumers. Little information is known about the camel brucellosis and its effect on human health. A study of the seroprevalence of camel brucellosis had been conducted in Al-Najaf province during the period from February 2018 to March 2019. One hundred seventy-two camels were involved in this study with ages between 3 to 9 years. The serum samples were screened by using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) with positive samples tested again with the competitive ELISA test (cELISA). Our results show that out of 172 camel sera collected, 6 (6.97%) were positive for Brucella antibodies by Rose Bengal plate test of which 4 (4.6%) was confirmed by cELISA. Furthermore, on age distribution, for RBPT, the positive results were 4 camels (4.6%) and 2 camels (3.1%) for older and younger animals respectively, while in cELISA, 3 (3.4%) older camels were positive with only 1 (1.1%) younger camels. The result was statically significant (P<0.05). The study concluded that Brucella antibodies are present in camel and they were probably infected due to contact with infected animals, and the cELISA test is a good test for confirmation of the RBPT.

This study was carried out at Al-Hyadia arid area/Al-Najaf on 82 she camels. Based on bacterial isolation, the subclinical mastitis was detected in 24 out of 82 she camels at percentage rate of 19.68%. The highest percentage of isolates was17.68 and 12.92 for Coagulase –ve Staphylococci followed by Streptococcus spp., respectively. The percentages rate of Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Micrococcus spp were 10.2%, 8.16% and 4.08%, respectively. Based on bacterial isolation as confirmed diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, the milk samples with Coagulase –ve Staphylococci, E. coli and Staphylococcusaureus revealed score 3 to California mastitis test (CMT) reaction with pH ranged 7.5-6.73 and electric conductivity 8.1-7.9 ms/cm, while in Streptococcus spp. and Micrococcus revealed score 2 to CMT reaction with pH ranged 6.89-6.44 and electric conductivity 7.81-7.68 ms/cm. In conclusion, the results of the present study approved investigation of subclinical mastitis in she camel and its causative agents. Moreover, CMTcan be approved as fast and effective, but less sensitive in diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.

This study was conducted to exam (100) milk samples taken from (25) buffalo within 2-6 years old (clinically mastitic and other non mastitic apparently) in different areas of Al-Najaf province. The results were showed 36(36% ) mastitic milk sample as 12 (33.3%) clinical and 24( 66.6%) subclinical mastitis according to CMT test . Thirty six bacterial isolates were positive growth on blood agar ,the isolation and identification were diagnosed by classical microbiological and biochemical tests , 10 out of 36 bacterial isolates were E.coli. The result of disk diffusion test appeared E.coli isolates were sensitive to tetracycline (70%),Amikacin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethaxol (60%), Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin (50%),while the E.coli isolates were resistance to Cefotaxime and Ampicillin

The study was conducted from first of December 2015 till end of November 2016. Animal slaughters were examined macroscopically to determine the parasitic infection(Hydatid Cyst, Fascioliasis, Lung worms)and another cases of Pneumonia and Hepatitis. The animals which were slaughtered during this study was 94106 Sheep, 23131 Cattle, and 5235 Buffaloes. The Percentages of Hydatid cysts in Sheep was 1.04 % and Liver fluke 0.56%, pneumonia 0.29% and hepatitis was 0.34 % with increase the rate in winter 1.33%, 0.87%, 0.54%, and 0.53% respectively while Lung worms 0.73 % increase the percentage in Autumn 0.71%. In Cattle, the percentage of Hydatid Cysts 1.59%, Liver Fluke 0.71%, Lungworm 0.13%, with increase the rate in Autumn 5.11%, 2.56%, 0.73% respectively, Hepatitis 0.34% , the highest percentage was in summer 0.32% and pneumonia the highest percentage was in spring 0.56%. The rate of Hydatid In Buffaloes 1.03%, Fiver Flukes 0.61 %, with increase the incidence in winter 1.93%, while Lung worms 0.15%, pneumonia 0.31%, hepatitis was 0.14% the highest was in spring 0.25%, 0.41% and 0.49% respectively.

The study was conducted on 95 lambs, divided into two groups depending on clinical signs, 55 lambs were clinically healthy and 40 lambs had bloody diarrhea and their feces had oocysts of Eimeria species. “Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein” into EDTA tubes for hematological value and plain tubes to separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation during January 2016 until April 2016 both groups aged 1 – 6 month in Najaf province. Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE of blood picture in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 33.5 ± 0.47 % and 23.9 ± 0.46 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.9 ± 0.17 g/dL and 6.8 ± 0.12 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) 10.6 ± 0.15 ×10⁶ /μL and 8.8 ± 0.24 ×10⁶ /μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.6 ± 0.37 fL and 27.5 ± 0.59 fL, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.3 ± 0.14 pg and 7.9 ± 0.15 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.7 ± 0.16 g/dL and 28.8 ± 0.34 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 9 ± 0.54 mm/24h and 19.1 ± 2.10 mm/24h, white blood cell count (WBC) 9231 ± 379.3 /μL and 13707 ± 562.8 /μL, lymphocytes (L) 55.8 ± 1.27 /μL and 43 ± 1.46 /μL, neutrophils (N) 30.6 ± 0.76 /μL and 40.6 ± 2.25 /μL, monocytes 0.9 ± 0.10 /μL and 2.2 ± 0.30 /μL, eosinophil’s 1.9 ± 0.27 /μL and5.2 ± 0.64 /μL, basophils 0.3 ± 0.05 /μL and 0.3 ± 0.07 /μL respectively. Serum analysis in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; iron 27.2 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 11.4 ± 0.59 μmol/L, copper 18.4 ± 0.74 μmol/L and 10.3 ± 0.50 μmol/L respectively. There were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHC and lymphocyte. Also, there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in WBC, ESR, neutrophils, eosinophil’s and monocyte count was observed in all lamb infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, there were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and copper in all lamb infected with coccidiosis.

The study was conducted on twenty eight (28) cows in some villages in Wasit city / Iraq, scanned by using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test and antigen rapid bovine TB Ab test, to determine the morbidity rates of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and also to evaluate the efficiency of the two tests in the diagnosis of bovine TB. Post mortem examinations also were done after slaughter of animals to confirm the TB lesions. Twenty one (21) cows (75%) were positive in the tuberculin test, while (7) cows (25%) were negative. Twenty two (22) cows (78,57%) gave positive results to the antigen rapid bovine TB Ab test, and (6) cows (21,43%) gave negative results. It was noticed that most of the positive tuberculin animals were also positive to the antigen rapid bovine TB Ab test, due to the MP70 antigen present in the rapid test kit is a major component of M. bovis. On post mortem examination nineteen (19) cows (67,85%) seen had the tubercle lesions in many organs like liver (19,05%), lung (14,28%), intestine (14,28%), mesenteric lymph nodes (19,05%), retropharyngeal lymph nodes (19,05%) and mediastinal lymph nodes (14,28%). It was concluded that the use of combination of tuberculin test and antigen rapid bovine TB Ab test together gives a better results in the diagnosis of bovine TB than the use of a single test alone.

In this study (20) ewes where examined and subdivided into two groups, the 1st group test group (n=10) where treated with Levamisole at dose 2.5 mg/kg while the 2nd group was untreated and considered control group (n=10) blood samples were collected into EDTA – containing tubes. Blood samples from all were continued at the day 0,7,14 and 21. The level of erythrocytes count, PCV, Hb, total leukocyte count, differential leukocytes count (manual standard method), total serum protein, albumin and globulin were measured to evaluate this study. Appropriate statistical methods were used for data analysis, and (P<0.05).was considered as significant. No significant differences were seen for PCV, RBCs, and Hb. Neutrophil level at day 14 and monocyte level at day 21 were significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The results show insignificant increase in the total protein and Globulin and insignificant decrease in the albumin. leavamesole enhance nonspecific immune response due to induce leukocytosis, neutrophilia and monocytosis .