اسعد محمد باقر محسن الغراوي

Analysis of finite slopes is a common practical problem which faces the geotechnical engineering.The aim of the slope analysis is to predict the safety factor against shear failure of the slope which is the ratio between the resisting and the disturbing forces developed along an assumed slip surface. The results of the work demonstrate that the use of probabilistic approach will yieldmore accurate results for estimatingthe safety factorand then economic design of the slope. Also, the results reveal that the statistical properties for the soil shear strength parameters have significant impact on the standard deviation of the output(factor of safety), while the soil unit weight and horizontal acceleration have small effect.

This paper investigates the effect of soaking process on the settlement behavior of sand soil with gypsum from Al-Najaf city in Iraq. The investigation includes two sets of soil samples with different gypsum contents, about 5 and 11 percentages. These two sample sets are sub divided into three groups and each group is subjected to one of the soaking duration, 0,1 and 2 weeks. In addition, each of sub division groups are loaded by three stress levels, 50, 100 and 200 kPa. The results reveal that there are different settlement behaviors which may be related to the initial soil properties. For soil samples of initial high dry density, low water and gypsum contents give a clear trend of settlement increasing upon increasing of soaking time and stress.

Permeability is considered as one of the most important geotechnical properties of soil. It refers to the ability of water to pass through a given soil. Some projects require low permeability while other projects need high permeability of the site soil. Due to uncontrolled soil formation process, many problems are associated with the constructing on a given site or using soil as a construction material. Several techniques were suggested and used to improve the soil properties in order to meet the construction requirements. One of these techniques was mixing of the soil with additives. Cheaper and locally available materials are used as soil additives. In the present study lime, silica fume (SF) and cement kiln dust (CKD) were used to improve (reduce) the permeability of coarsegrained soil. Sixteen specimens (one untreated and fifteen treated) have been tested using permeameter. The coefficient of permeability (k) decreased with the increasing of mixing ratio till a ratio 15%. After that, SF didn't affect the soil permeability while lime and CKD exhibited marginal effect. The maximum improving ratio (kmixed/kcontrol) was 51% for soil with SF and about 93% for both lime and CKD

Permeability is considered as one of the most important geotechnical properties of soil. It refers to the ability of water to pass through a given soil. Some projects require low permeability while other projects need high permeability of the site soil. Due to uncontrolled soil formation process, many problems are associated with the constructing on a given site or using soil as a construction material. Several techniques were suggested and used to improve the soil properties in order to meet the construction requirements. One of these techniques was mixing of the soil with additives. Cheaper and locally available materials are used as soil additives. In the present study lime, silica fume (SF) and cement kiln dust (CKD) were used to improve (reduce) the permeability of coarsegrained soil. Sixteen specimens (one untreated and fifteen treated) have been tested using permeameter. The coefficient of permeability (k) decreased with the increasing of mixing ratio till a ratio 15%. After that, SF didn't affect the soil permeability while lime and CKD exhibited marginal effect. The maximum improving ratio (kmixed/kcontrol) was 51% for soil with SF and about 93% for both lime and CKD

تحليل النتائج العمليه ببرنامج Plaxis وباستخدام طرق التحليل العددي لدراسه سلوك وتصرف الركائز الانبوبيه المفتوحه النهاية وفصل قيمه الاحتكاك عن قمه التحمل الطرفي .

يتخلص البحث حول دراسه مدى تاثير الترشح للعينات المرصوصه للتربة الحصويه الرمليه ومقدار تاثيره على قابليه التحمل .