عمار محمود جابر الفتلاوي

Background: The rapid integration of e-learning, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has transformed nursing education. Understanding nursing students' perceptions, readiness, and preferences for different learning modalities is crucial for developing effective educational strategies. Aim: This study aimed to assess nursing students' preferences for learning modalities (face-to-face, online, and integrated), explore the relationship between their e-learning readiness and perceived stress, and identify influencing demographic and technological factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a purposive sample of 83 nursing students from the University of Kufa. Data were collected via a structured online questionnaire comprising four sections: demographic details, e-learning-related characteristics, an e-learning readiness scale, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Descriptive statistics and multivariable multinomial logistic regression were used for analysis. Results: The findings revealed a preference for traditional face-to-face education (57.8%) over online education (42.2%) when given a direct choice. However, integrated education was the most favored model (78.3%) when compared solely to online education. Visual, active, and sequential learning styles were predominant. Key challenges included a lack of stable electricity (57.8%) and dedicated study space (41%). A significant association was found between employment status, working hours, and learning preferences, while no significant links were found with gender or academic achievement. Conclusion: While students value the flexibility of digital tools, there is a strong preference for learning models that incorporate personal interaction. Nursing education programs should adopt a blended (integrated) approach, supported by institutional investments in reliable infrastructure and training for both educators and students to ensure the sustainable and effective implementation of e-learning.

Objective: The association of epilepsy with possession of spirits is common in Iraqi society, leading to the stigmatization of people with epilepsy for generations. Closing the knowledge gap of university students and improving their attitude is key to alleviating this stigma. Method: Researchers created a self-administered questionnaire that examined medical students' knowledge of epilepsy and their attitudes towards it. We obtained epilepsy knowledge scores and examined their association with gender and college specializations. Results: The results showed that among 120 students, 83% had good knowledge of epilepsy, and 17% of them had low knowledge. Some of the students distinguished epilepsy as a hereditary disease, 34.2%. They identified loss of consciousness, behavior change and memory disturbance as signs of epilepsy, 57.5%, and 70.8% of them thought that symptoms of seizures include falling to the ground and foaming at the mouth. Novelty: This study showed that students of the medical group from the University of Kufa have a relatively better understanding of positive attitudes towards certain aspects of epilepsy; however, there are misconceptions they have in different aspects.

Gallstones are a prevalent global health issue, necessitating comprehensive knowledge among nursing students for effective patient care. This study assessed nursing students' understanding of gallstone management and complications, identifying gaps in their knowledge. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 101 undergraduate nursing students from the University of Kufa. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire, analyzing knowledge levels across socio-demographic variables using SPSS (version 26). Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Most students (78.22%) demonstrated moderate knowledge (mean score = 0.57, SD = 0.14), with significant gaps in pathophysiology, risk factors, and rare complications. No statistically significant relationships were found between knowledge levels and socio-demographic variables (p > 0.05). While foundational knowledge exists, critical deficiencies highlight the need for enhanced education in gallstone management. Curriculum enhancements, integrated clinical scenarios, targeted interventions, and further research are recommended to bridge knowledge gaps and improve clinical preparedness.

Background & objective: Cancer is the leading cause of rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Cancer pain is the most common subjective symptoms that require oncology nurses to be vigilant in assessing and managing cancer-related pain. The purpose of the present study is to investigate and describe the level of nurses' knowledge and attitudes concerning cancer-related pain management in the oncology nurses. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytic descriptive design employed with a convenience sampling of 102 nurses from the Oncology Hospital in Iraq, during the period from March to April 2025. Data were collected via an Arabic version of the widely used self-administered questionnaire of the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain (KASRP). Results: The researchers determined that participants had a low level of knowledge and attitudes regarding cancer pain management, with an overall mean score (12.86). Moreover, there was no relationship among respondents' knowledge, attitudes, and their sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: Inadequate knowledge and attitudes toward cancer-related pain can negatively impact patients' quality of life as well as the quality of nursing care. Special attention must be given to the in-service educational program to enhance the competency level of nursing staff. Developing evidence-based guidelines is a great opportunity to reach optimal healthcare services.

Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a critical intervention for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in intensive care units (ICUs), requiring specialized nursing knowledge. This study assessed nurses' CRRT knowledge levels and explored the impact of demographic factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 46 nurses from two governmental hospitals in Al-Najaf City (March 1-4, 2025). Data were collected via a validated questionnaire and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (Version 26), employing descriptive statistics and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05 significance). Most nurses (80.43%) demonstrated moderate CRRT knowledge (Mean Score (MS) 2.25, Standard Deviation (SD) = 0.58), with only 4.35% exhibiting good knowledge. No significant relationships were found between knowledge and demographic factors (age, sex, education, experience; all p > 0.05). A strong positive correlation existed between knowledge and attitude (r = 0.696, p < 0.0001). Nurses' CRRT knowledge is moderate, with gaps in complex aspects. Demographic factors do not influence competency, highlighting the need for targeted training over reliance on experience. Implement structured CRRT training programs (simulation, case studies), continuing education workshops, and mentorship initiatives to enhance knowledge and patient outcomes.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common long-term hormonal disorder that affects women during their reproductive years. It disrupts ovarian function and metabolism. Prevalence rates vary between 4% and 20%, depending on diagnostic criteria and population. Symptoms usually appear between ages 18 and 39. Many women experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. This results in undetected cases and unmanaged symptoms. Study Objectives: Measure the level of awareness and understanding of PCOS among women in the community. Identify links between women's demographic traits and their knowledge of PCOS. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data collection took place from December 2024 to April 2025. A non-random (purposeful) sample of 200 women from Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf participated. Researchers used structured questionnaires to collect data on demographics and PCOS awareness. Findings: Most participants were young, unmarried, and lived in urban areas. Few had a family history of PCOS. Many had never received a PCOS diagnosis. Overall awareness of PCOS was rated as good. Employment status had a strong statistical link to knowledge levels. Occupied women showed better understanding compared to unemployed women. Younger women, especially those unemployed or with limited health access, may lack key information. Education efforts should target specific groups based on age, location, and employment. Conclusion: Most of the study sample of women are unmarried young adults living in urban residences. Most of them don't have a family history of PCOS, and many of them were not diagnosed with the disease. Also, we found that women's knowledge regarding polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is Good, and women's occupation is a statistically highly significant factor related to their knowledge regarding PCOS. Recommendation: Further studies should be conducted regarding women's knowledge and attitudes regarding PCOS in a larger area. The Ministry of Health should employ mass media to increase community knowledge about PCOS and emphasize collaborative work between the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Higher Education to lead more research-based practice topics about PCOS.