عمار جبار حمد الشمري

ABSTRACT This study aimed to detect the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and severity of nosocomial diarrhea among adult inpatients in a medical ward in Iraq. The study was conducted among patients admitted to the medical ward from June 1, 2019, to January 31, 2020, in AL-Sader medical city. The surveillance for nosocomial diarrhea was performed by monitoring every patient in the ward 3 times/week. 1050 patients were admitted to the medical ward in AL-Sader medical city. Of these, 52 patients (mean age 58±12.91 years, range 32 to 80) developed new-onset diarrhea during hospitalization. There was a significant relationship between the severity of diarrhea and age, residence, antibiotic use, including number and duration of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents (steroids/chemotherapy), duration of hospital stay, level of consciousness, and enema use. Nosocomial diarrhea is a significant clinical problem that complicates about 5% of all admission in the medical ward. Various microorganisms account for nosocomial diarrhea, including E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Candida. Several risk factors associated with the severe form of nosocomial diarrhea include old age, antibiotic use, immunosuppressive use, and length of hospital stay. KEYWORDS: diarrhea, nosocomial infections, gastrointestinal parasites, medical ward.

ABSTRACT Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer among men in western countries.Oxidative stress (OS) is considered to be involved in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and development. Objective: To evaluate the OS in patients with PCa and its association with disease development. Materials and Methods: The current study included 130 patients with prostate cancer and 65 healthy subject (control). Lipid profile was analyses by commercially kit. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by the thiobarbituric acid method. prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHDG) levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Plasma vitamin E levels were estimated by colorimetric method according to the Meshali and Nightingale method. Results: Plasma TC,TG,LDL levels were significantly increased (P≤.001), while HDL levels was significantly lower in PCa patients compared with control(P=.338). There were a significant increases in PSA, MDA, 8- OHdG levels and SOD activity in PCa patients compared with control (P≤.001).Serum GSH-Px activity and plasma vitamin E levels were significantly decreased in PCa patients compared to control (P≤.001). PSA levels were positively correlated with MDA and 8-OHdG levels in PCa patients (r=.1700, p=.0332; r=.1059, p=.0271, respectively). A negative correlation was found between PSA and LDL in PCa patients (r=-.2657, P =.0310). MDA levels were negatively correlated with erothrocytes vitamin E levels(r=−.3780,p=.0142) and GSH-Px activity (r=−.4355, p=.0048), but positively correlated with erythrocyte SOD activity (r=.5376, p=.0003) and 8- OHdG levels (r=.6366,p=.0003). Conclusions: The results suggest an imbalance in oxidative stress and antioxidants system may lead to develop of PCa pathogenesis. Keywords: Prostate cancer, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative stress, antioxidant.

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is an acute focal brain dysfunction due to vascular disease. Stroke is the third most basic reason for death on the planet. Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative microaerophilic pole discovered most regularly in the more profound bits of the mucous gel covering the gastric mucosa. Several studies were done on H. pylori infection that reported organization between H. pylori and endothelial dysfunction, chronic inflammation, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose metabolism, metabolic syndrome, peripheral vascular disease and coronary conduit illness. Patients and methods: This case control study was carried out in Al-Najaf city for a period of fourteen months from January 2015 to February 2016. This study included one hundred patients presented with newly diagnosed ischemic stroke, fifty male and fifty female and one hundred control patients (50 males and 50 females) who consulted the Middle Euphrates neurological screen center for diseases rather than stroke. The ages of all persons in this study ranged from 40 to 60 years. Results: The presence of H. pylori in patients with ischemic stroke was 56%, while it was 44% in controls; however, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05). There is significant association between H. pylori and recent atheroembolic ischemic stroke in diabetic patients. There is no statistically significant association between H. pylori infection and severity of recent ischemic stroke. Conclusion: There is no significant relationship between H. pylori infection and ischemic stroke after stratification of other cofounder risk factors. Keywords: H. Pylori, Brain CT Scan, Ischemic Stroke.

Abstract: A Study was done to investigate the clinical cardiovascular & serum lipid changes in thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO)-positive with primary hypothyroidism on thyroxine treatment. Fifty four patients (31 females & 23 males) with primary hypothyroidism & on thyroxine treatment with were recruited, their ages ranged 45-65 years. They were divided into 2 groups according to the result of TPO determination, i.e, TPO-positive & TPO negative groups. Results showed that heart rate was significantly decreased while the blood pressure ( both systolic & diastolic ) was significantly increased in TPO-positive group in supine & standing position. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein was significantly reduced in TPO-positive group while serum triglyceride levels were higher in TPO-positive group when compared with those of the TPO-negative group. In conclusion, cardiovascular abnormalities were evident to be more in TPO-positive patients as compared to the TPO-negative hypothyroid patients. Thus, autoimmunity is implicated in cardiovascular and serum lipid changes in hypothyroidism.

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common worldwide disease, it occurs in 10-20% of population and is a well-known cause of vascular complications which include microvascular and macrovascular. The ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI)is a measure of peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). Aim of study: To calculate the ankle brachial pressure index as a measure for macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 DM, and correlate it with different risk factors. Patients and methods: For fifty type 2 DM patients, ABPI was measured, and relationship between it and diabetes duration, age, gender, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides (TG) levels, and body mass index were studied. Results: The values of ankle brachial pressure index were found significantly low in patients with type two diabetes mellitus in relation to diabetes duration and high levels of LDL or TG, and no significant relationships were found between low ABI with age, gender, or body mass index. Conclusion: In type two diabetic patients ankle brachial pressure index is a measure of peripheral vascular diseases, and it correlates with DM duration and high LDL or TG levels.