Ameer Sadiq Obaid Albujassim

الوصف The aim: The aim of the study was to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of aminoglycosides resistance genes of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pediatric patient with UTI. Materials and methods: The study has been performed with a total of 500 urine specimens collected from pediatric patients under the age of 18 year suspected with UTI, admitted to hospitals in Al-Najaf province/Iraq during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. Results: A total of 500 urine specimens had been tested, 120 (24%) had significant bacteriuria, while there 380 (76%) had non-significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli represent about 70 (68.2%) followed by followed by 23 (22.5%) K. pneumoniae, 5 (4.9%) P. aeruginosa, 2 (1.9%) Proteus spp., 1 (0.9%) Enterobacter spp. and 1 (0.9%) Oligella uratolytic. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 102 Gram-negative isolates, revealed that 59 (58%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 38 (37%) were extensive drug resistant (XDR). The PCR results of aminoglycosides resistance showing that 23 (74.1%) Gram-negative isolates had acc (6’)-Ib gene and 12 (38.7%) Gram-negative isolates acc (3’)-II gene. Conclusions: A high frequency of multi-drug resistance and extensive-drug resistance of isolates were recognized, and an alarming percentage of aminoglycosides resistance to acc (6’)-Ib and acc (3’)-I

Biofilm-related infections substantially contribute to bacterial illnesses, with estimates indicating that at least 80% of such diseases are linked to biofilms. Biofilms exhibit unique metabolic patterns that set them apart from their planktonic counterparts, resulting in significant metabolic reprogramming during biofilm formation. Differential glycolytic enzymes suggest that central metabolic processes are markedly different in biofilms and planktonic cells. The glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is highly expressed in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm progenitors, indicating that changes in glycolysis activity play a role in biofilm development. Notably, an important consideration is a correlation between elevated cyclic di-guanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) activity and biofilm formation in various bacteria. C-di-GMP plays a critical role in maintaining the persistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by regulating alginate production, a significant biofilm matrix component. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that S. aureus biofilm development is initiated by several tricarboxylic acid (TCA) intermediates in a FnbA-dependent manner. Finally, Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6P) boosts the phosphorylation of histidine-containing protein (HPr) by increasing the activity of HPr kinase, enhancing its interaction with CcpA, and resulting in biofilm development through polysaccharide intercellular adhesion (PIA) accumulation and icaADBC transcription. Therefore, studying the metabolic changes associated with biofilm development is crucial for understanding the complex mechanisms involved in biofilm formation and identifying potential targets for intervention. Accordingly, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in metabolomic profiling of biofilms, including emerging trends, prevailing challenges, and the identification of potential targets for anti-biofilm strategies.

In 2019, a new disease called Covid-19 was detected in Wuhan located in China which caused seriously disease or death at any age. This disease has various symptoms such as fever, chills, cough, sore throat, headache, body pain, muscle pain, diarrhoea, and vomiting. In this review study, articles related to the subject were searched using scientific sites such as Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar using the keywords of traditional medicine, medicinal plants, and Covid-19. After downloading the articles, irrelevant articles were removed and related articles were reviewed. According to the results obtained from the review of the literature, the effective medicinal herbs including Zingiber officinale, Alpinia officinarum, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Nigllea sativa, Citrus paradise, Laurus nobilis L. and Echinacea purpura were the most important medicinal herbs used in treatment of Coronavirus. Antiviral chemical drugs usually inhibit the virus by disrupting the key protein and viral virulence factors. Probably, medicinal plants inhibit corona virus with a mechanism similar to the chemical drugs. Therefore, it is possible to produce effective herbal medicines as alternative for synthetic drugs and reduce the pain and suffering from Covid-19 in patient

In the recent years, micronutrients play an important role in improving body health with preventing and treating of chronic diseases. Chromium is one of the vital minerals involved in the regulation of insulin action. According to abundant evidences this mineral seems to be an essential factor involved in the reduction of insulin resistance and decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Moreover, it has been proposed that Chromium supplementation affects mechanisms involved in blood pressure, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress. For instance, it may affect blood pressure through alteration of the renin-angiotensin system, as well as reducing the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. Furthermore, Chromium supplementation might help reduce the coronary heart disease rates. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review regarding to the effects of Chromium supplementation on CVDs risk factors with an emphasis on possible molecular mechanisms.

DFT calculations on sensor-drug interactions are necessary for understanding binding mechanisms, predicting sensor performance, evaluating stability and reactivity, and rational design of sensor materials. We scrutinized the adsorption of amphetamine (AFE) on the pure magnesium oxide nano-cage (MgONC) by applying density functional theory. All geometries and single point energy computations were optimized at M06–2X/6–311 G (d, p). Furthermore, we performed an analysis of the natural bond orbital (NBO) and evaluated the values of partial natural charges. Additionally, we investigated donor-acceptor (D-A) interactions and examined the Wiberg bond index (WBI) in greater depth. The MgONC was capable of adsorbing AFE with greater strength with the energy of adsorption (Eads) of − 48.19 kcal/mol (for stable configurations). Moreover, the NBO method demonstrated more effective D-A interactions between AFE and the MgONC. Based on the computations, for the most stable configuration, there was a substantial alteration in the HOMO-LUMO gap of the MgONC following the drug adsorption, thus increasing the electrical conductance (EC) of the MgONC. The sensing mechanism is related to the gap difference, which depends on the change in the EC. We adopted the conventional transition state theory for the prediction of recovery time. The computations indicated that the MgONC+ AFE configuration had a short recovery time for the desorption of AFE. Finally, based on our findings, we could conclude that the MgONC is an appropriate choice for the improvement of effective AFE sensors. DFT study of drug sensors will focus on enhancing sensitivity, selectivity, and stability while exploring novel materials and optimizing performance through theoretical simulations and analysis.

Primer Design MicroRNA and Make for PCR and qPCR

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