Ameer Ali Shakir Imarah

Cancer is a major health problem worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death. Preventing tumor development is a significant challenge due to the similarity in cellular mechanisms between cancerous and normal cells; however, biological substances have high efficiency against cancerous cells and low toxicity against normal cells associated with a good prognosis. Therefore, the current study is designed to study the role of Anise extract (A.E.) and Anise extract- Chitosan nanoparticles in the synergistic effect with Cisplatin in the treatment of tumor-induced in female mice. Materials and methods: Five groups of female mice, six mice for each group, were included to achieve the goal of the present study. These study groups were control, tumor-induced, Cisplatin treated, Cisplatin – Anise extract treated, and Cisplatin- Anise extract- Chitosan nanoparticles treated groups. The tumor size and some biomarkers (IL-33, LRG-1, and CRP) were considered indicators for tumor development and response to the treatment protocol. Results: The present study found that the tumor size in the tumor-induced group reached 33.1 mm after 30 days of inducement, while the tumor size in the treated group was significantly smaller than in the tumor-induced group. The tumor size in the Cisplatin- Anise extract group was smaller than the Cisplatin treated group. Also, the effect of Cisplatin against a tumor increased when combining anise extract with Chitosan nanoparticles. The biomarkers showed that IL-33, LRG-1, and CRP levels were higher in the tumor group than in the control and other study groups. Conclusion: The current study concluded that the anise extract has high effectiveness in reinforcing Cisplatin action against tumor development and, simultaneously, increased their effect by nanoparticles.

Diclofenac is a remedy nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); that is used for treating the manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and is being deliberate for forbidding of some types of skin cancer. It plugs releasing substances that cause inflammation and pain. It may also prevent the outgrowth of new blood vessels that tumors need to get bigger. Diclofenac is most potent, so a little amount of diclofenac is needed to relieve pain. Diclofenac is commonly used for arthritis-related joint pain. Twenty white rats were used, the group was divided into four subgroups, each containing five rats for thirty days of oral directing 50, 100 and150 mg/kg daily, with the control group receiving normal physiological saline, the second group given with 50 mg/kg daily of the cure, the third group given with 100 mg/kg daily of the cure, the fourth group was given 150 mg/kg daily of the cure. The rats were slaughtered after the groups received the treatment for one month. in addition to semithin sections for light microscopic examination, followed by statistical studies. This survy, the xeno-biotic is run on the lab-animals top of a period of 15 to 28 days, and the target mainly to pick out short-term toxic effects or injury that might manifest from refined exposure. Duration: Usually scop from 2 to 5 weeks, during the time blood or tissue specimens are taken up to an eye on any changes in physiology or chemical indicator. This allows for the detection of toxic consequence that may come into view only follow up repeated exposure over a short period. (Bemidinezhad, et al. 2023). The study showed that the rat bone marrow was affected adversely via the managing with Diclofenac at 50, 100 and150 mg/kg daily for 30 days in histologic structure and easy to perceive differences were observed after light microscopy was used to examine different sections of bone from control and treated animals. The Diclofenac-treated groups’ bones showed more active haemopoietic tissue (hypercellularity) relative to adipocytes (white spaces). Diclofenac can cause significant but long-term harm. so this attempt was to determine the effect of Diclofenac on many physiological criteria and several histological indicators in the bone marrow of male rats Novelty Statement | This study reveals that long-term diclofenac sodium manifest may cause bone marrow hypocellularity, reducing hematopoietic cells and potentially leading to pancyto-penia, anemia, and increased infection risk—a drug-induced effect not widely recognized before.

The study conducted on 400 aborted women and 30 healthy women as control groups. All these cases were defined as suspected with Toxoplasma gondii and examined by measuring IgG & IgM serum level when attended to Public Health Laboratory, in An-Najaf province from November 2015 to May 2016.seventy eight out of 400 (19.5 %) women were found infected with T. gondii by this test, only 23 positive samples were used in polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism for detection genotypes of T. gondii strains By use three restriction enzymes MseI to nested PCR products GRA6 and BsiE1 & TaqI to nested PCR BTUB products, to detected strain types of Toxoplasma gondii. The results are : 13 of type I (60%), 6 of type II (25 %), and 4 of type III (15%). This can provide possible additional studies of high importance, as they will provide better understanding of the different strains of parasite genotypes is present in samples and how different genotypes are circulating nature. All the evidence provided might be helpful for showing the association between strains type of T. gondii and toxoplasmosis in infected women and aid in providing preventive actions.

Objective:The study was performed to estimate the concentration of Protamine 1 (PRM 1) level in serum of oilgozoaspermia patients (40 person) that attended to fertility center in al Sader medical city in Najaf Province and comparing it with normal fertile men(20 person),also correlation was done between PRM 1 and some seminal fluid parameters. Methods: Seminal fluid parameters were estimated including sperm concentrations, sperm progressive motility percent and Sperm normal morphology percent. PRM 1 serum level assessment in all sample as a biomarker. Result: There is significant increase (**p <0.05) in protamine 1 level were observed in oligozoospermia patients (413.2 ± 21.94) by comparing with control group (326.2 ± 12.70), also there are negative correlation between PRM 1 and seminal fluid parameters, a significant increase in PRM 1 concentration may be cause a defect in male fertility. Conclusion: From current study conclude that The biomarker PRM1 may be good predictive indicator of defect in male fertility escpically in Oilgozoaspermia Patients, and there are negative correlation between PRM1 and some of seminal fluid parameters.

This project is designed to study the schizophrenia disease in Al-Najaf provenance and its relation with thyroid hormones T3 and T4. It was involved 100 subjects divided into two groups: patients group which contain 50 patients with schizophrenia and control group which included 50 healthy subjects. The age of patients and control subjects ranging from 20 to 70 years. Blood sample was collected for measuring thyroid hormones. The results showed that schizophrenia disease was more common in patient with interval age 31 to 40 years and the incidence of this disease more common in male with 48 cases than female in 2 cases. Also the study showed that tobacco smoking significantly increased the risk of this diseases and most patients were living in urban area. In regard to the levels of thyroid hormones(TH) the results were recorded significantly Pd”0.05 increasing in the levels of them both T3 and T4.

Objective : the objective of the study was to test oil extract of Eruca sativa leaves by trying to treat acute renal failure that induced by injected Cisplatin intraperitoneally with 7.5 mg/kg of body weight (single dose) as animal model and measuring some predicate biomarkers and histopathological sections. Methods: the oil extract of Eruca sativa leaves was prepared by using petroleum ether according to the method of Stahl ,different concentration prepared by using dry gum method (4:2;1) 1000mg/kg,750kg/kg and 500mg/kg , acute renal failure induced in male of rats by injected Cisplatin intraperitoneally with 7.5 mg/kg of body weight (single dose ) functional common kidney biomarker was done blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and novel biomarker measured copeptin(CPP) , kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) and Neutrophils associated gelatinase lipocalin(NAGL) also histopathological sections done foe hematoxylin & eosin and trichome stain ( modified masson's). Result : there is significant increase of Serum creatinine(Scr.), and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) in cisplatin group when compared with control group, also indicate there is significant increase in serum biomarkers for kidney injury CPP , KIM-1, and NAGL when compared with control group. After the treatment with oil extract of Eruca sative leaves by different concentrations 1000 ,750 and 500 mg/kg all these Scr. , , BUN, CPP , KIM-1and NAGL were significantly decrease when compared with cisplatin group. Histopathological changes in kidneys were observed as show interstitial inflammation, tubular cellular swelling diffuse cellular swelling, tubular necrosis , mild inflammation and fibrosis in cisplatin group when compared with control group and after the treatment the damages were not found or minimize . Conclusion : The biomarkers CPP, KIM-1 and NAGL may be good predictive indicator of acute renal failure, plant extract may be has a highly effect for treating the renal failure and this was shown through the sections of the