علي زهير غازي زاهد

A significant number of causes for people killed by automobile accidents on both public and interior roads are the driver's failure to pay attention to the roadway, as well as other factors such as tiredness, sleep during driving, using the phone, or even the driver being intoxicated, etc. This work aims to identify sleepy status, pinpoint the onset of sleep, and alert the driver when their level of alertness drops below a level that does not improve productivity or the vehicle's overall safety protocols to prevent drowsiness-related crashes. In this article, we present a new method for implementing drowsiness detection inexpensively, using a Raspberry Pi as a central processor board that connects all practical measurement components. In addition, the proposed method includes the following activities: tracking the driver's head vibration while driving using tilt sensors. Moreover, a camera was mounted in front of the driver to take photos and record videos of the driver's health. As a result, the results were entirely satisfactory, and if the driver was operating the vehicle while fatigued, the response was 95% reliable and fast

In this paper, we present a new design for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with four ports operating in wide and multi-millimeter-wave (Mm-Wave) bands for various 5G applications (including the internet of things (IoT), communication devices, and smartphones). The antenna is designed in a rectangular zigzag shape with slots to make the antenna operate at different frequencies. For this, the antenna operates at multiple frequencies from 38 to 62 GHz, so it supports all advanced wireless communication applications. The most important characteristic of the design is its small size and compact structure compared to designs presented by researchers in previous literature so the antenna dimensions for four elements are 29×49 mm2. The antenna performance based on the results obtained from CST Studio Suite is good since the reflection coefficients of the antenna resonate at six main frequencies are 39.128 GHz, 42.992 GHz, 47.384 GHz, 51.536 GHz, 55.472 GHz, and 59.288 GHz. In addition, the isolation value between all antenna elements is ≤30 dB and the diversity gain value for all frequencies is 10 dB. Moreover, a very small value was obtained for the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is <4.0576×10−11. Finally, the results indicate a favorable design and potential competitor for all 5G MIMO Mm-Wave applications

A good antenna design has played an essential role in the design of wireless communication systems, international companies are looking for the best design that suits their products in terms of size, bandwidth, gain, cost, and performance. In this paper, three antenna models are designed for fifthgeneration (5G) communications, the first model is a single antenna, the second model is a two-ports multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna, and the third model is a four-ports MIMO antenna. The geometric dimensions of a single antenna are 20× 37× 1.6 mm3, the two-ports antenna dimensions are 44× 37× 1.6 mm3, while the four-ports antenna dimensions are 74× 44× 1.6 mm3. The design of these antennas was based on the latest strategies in terms of their small sizes and operating from 13.5 to 20 GHz in wide and multiple bands to be compatible with all advanced communication devices. Based on the results that emerged, it was noted that the reflection coefficient (S11)<-10 dB and has better isolation between the ports is<-26 dB. While the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) value is< 1.036× 10-9, and the diversity gain (DG) value is 10 dB. All antennas proposed operate in ultrawideband (UWB) which is very necessary for 5G communications devices

In this paper, we propose a new design for a four-ports Multiple-Inputs Multiple-Outputs (MIMO) antenna. The main aim behind this work in this paper is to present an antenna with a smaller size compared to the designs presented by researchers in previous works, and it operates in the wide and multi-bands required by most advanced communication systems. The structural scenario of this antenna is square-shaped designed using the CST Studio Suite with real dimensions of 36 mm× 36 mm and a thickness of 1.6 mm. This antenna carries both wide and multi bands and operates in the Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) spectrum. This antenna has been designed to be suitable for all the fifth-generation (5G) communication applications. Based on the results obtained from the CST, it is observed that the impedance bandwidth of the MIMO antenna system is from 39 to 75 GHz. In addition, the antenna gave excellent results as each antenna in the MIMO configuration works independently because the isolation ratio among all ports is greater than 24.539 dB, and it reaches 43 dB at a frequency of 71 GHz. Moreover, a set of key performance measures of the MIMO antenna were analyzed, the most important which is the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) and found that the ECC value is less than 0.00075. So, this value is very small compared to the ECC values that were presented in previous researches

The attraction towards two-dimensional optical code division multiple access (2D-OCDMA) systems has increased due to its potential in enhancing the performance of optical access networks and producing optical code-based signals. 2D-OCDMA network systems enable better bit-error-ratio (BER) performance as well as increase the number of supportable users in the optical network. Time-spreading wavelength-hopping is one of the many techniques that has been proposed for 2D-OCDMA. In this paper, we present the simulative study of a 2D-OCDMA system. The developed time-spreading, wavelength-hopping network utilizes enhanced double weight (EDW) code which has enhanced properties such as a cross-correlation value of 1 and has a simple encoder/decoder design. The output BER was satisfactory at above 10−9 at data rate of 1.25 Gbps for 20 km distance with the ITU-T G.652 standard single mode optical fiber for 3 users.