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The SPIHT image compression algorithm is characterized by low computational complexity, good performance, and the production of a quality scalable bitstream that can be decoded at several bit-rates with image quality enhancement as more bits are received. However, it suffers from the enormous computer memory consumption due to utilizing linked lists of size of about 2–3 times the image size. In addition, it does not exploit the multi-resolution feature of the wavelet transform to produce a resolution scalable bitstream by which the image can be decoded at numerous resolutions (sizes). The Single List SPIHT (SLS) algorithm resolved the high memory problem of SPIHT by using only one list of fixed size equals to just 1/4 the image size, and state marker bits with an average of 2.25 bits/pixel. This paper introduces two new algorithms that are based on SLS. Like SLS, the first algorithm also produces a quality scalable bitstream. However, it has lower time complexity and better performance than SLS. The second algorithm, which is the major contribution of the work, upgrades the first algorithm to produce a bitstream that is both quality and resolution scalable. As such, the algorithm is very suitable for the modern heterogeneous nature of the internet users to satisfy their different capabilities and desires in terms of image quality and resolution.

The set partitioning in hierarchical trees is a powerful image compression algorithm. It has reasonable complexity and produces a scalable bit-stream rate. Unfortunately, SPIHT fails to explore the multi-resolution nature of the wavelet transform as the output bit-stream doesn't support resolution scalability. Moreover it requires huge memory and has complex memory management as it depends on utilizing lists with memory of about 2.5 the image size. This paper proposes three related algorithms. The first one modifies SPIHT to reduce its complexity and improve its efficiency especially at low rates. The second is the main contribution of the paper. It provides a simultaneous solution to the memory and scalability problems of SPIHT. Memory is reduced by utilizing status bits of average 2.5 bits per pixel instead of the lists. Resolution scalability is maintained by encoding the resolution levels in increasing order within each coding pass. Another important attribute of our algorithm is that it has very little increase in complexity in comparison with the original SPIHT algorithm. In contrast, the existing solutions have much more complexity, and/or more memory resources. The third has slightly lower complexity and memory than the second but at the same time, it has slightly lower performance.

The Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) scheme represents the dominant radio interface for broadband multicarrier communication systems. However, with insufficient Cyclic Prefixes (CP), Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) occur due to the time-varying multipath channel. This means that the performance of the system will be degraded. In this paper, we investigate the interference problem for a MIMO Discrete Wavelet Transform (MIMO-DWT) system under the effect of the downlink LTE channel. A Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoder is used to estimate the decoded signal. The proposed iterative algorithm uses the estimated decoded signal to compute the components required for ICI/ISI interference reduction. In this paper, Iterative Interference Cancellation (IIC) is employed to mitigate the effects of interference that contaminates the received signal due to multiple antenna transmission and a multipath channel. An equalizer with minimum mean square error is considered. We compare the performance of our proposed algorithm with the traditional MIMO-OFDM scheme in terms of bit error probability under insufficient CP. Simulation results verify that significant improvements are achieved by using IIC and MIMO-IIC for both systems.

This paper presents a novel structure to simulate and achieve the all-optical plasmonic logic gates. We show how the use of dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) plasmonic waveguides with four nanorings and three slots can realize the complete family of logic gates; including NOT, OR, AND, NOT-OR, NAND, exclusive-OR, and exclusive-NOR using the constructive and destructive optical interferences between a control signal and input signal(s). We have adopted two optical wavelengths, namely 900 nm and 1330 nm, which are used for optical communication systems. Performance has been measured using the transmission level which registered more than 100 % for all of the seven gates of both wavelengths except NOT and NOT-OR logic gates. In addition, high extinction ratio of more than 20 dB in NOT and exclusive-NOR gates has been achieved using our novel structure.

Most wavelet-based scalable image compression algorithms are optimized for performance only, i.e., they try to produce a compressed bit-stream that gives the best image quality for the selected bit-rate. Unfortunately, the optimization of the coding method may result in a bit-stream that cannot be rearranged easily to support resolution scalability. This paper proposes two algorithms. The first algorithm produces a rate scalable bit-stream that is optimized for performance and scalability. That is, it has good performance and at the same time it produces bit-stream that can be easily rearranged to become highly (rate and resolution) scalable. To this end, the algorithm combines the low complexity and rate scalability features of the set partitioning coding approach, and it exploits the resolution scalability characteristics of the block-based systems. The second algorithm upgrades the first algorithm to produce a highly scalable bit-stream by only arranging and identifying the different resolutions within the bit-stream.

Home based system has been designed and construction using mobile phones. The platforms having Android to automate a Wi-Fi module interfaced with micro controller that controls smart devices. This study presents an integrated smart home to improve the quality of human’s life by proficiency a flexible and comfortable. There for an intelligent controlling system is design and construction for many home appliances through the smartphone Android application. Several required components installed and connected for the design such as temperature sensor, fire sensor, smoke detection sensor and relays with other devices. This means worked together via. controller to regulator the home system which programmed by using Proteus Software. All the results obtained and monitored using smart mobile phone.