علي حسن عبود الخفاجي

Abstract Humans and animals are affected by hydatid cyst disease as a worldwide zoonotic disease, which is caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus spp. This study was performed to evaluate the histological change of liver and blood concentrations of biomarkers, such as ghrelin, p-selectin, and leptin, in humans infected with hydatid cyst. A total of 30 surgical specimens of liver and blood of infected humans and 30 healthy individuals as a control group were evaluated. Liver tissue sections in cases infected with hydatid cyst and control group, histological abnormalities in the liver, including fibrosis, increased inflammatory cells, dystrophic areas, and necrosis were compared in this study. In addition, serum leptin levels were significantly lower in patients with hydatid cyst disease than in the control group (P-value<0.05), whereas p-selectin and ghrelin levels significantly decreased in patients (P-value<0.05). The results of this research can be effective in improving and promoting the treatment programs of hydatidosis.

The present work was conducted to study the effect of ibuprofen (IBU) on histological parameters of male rats' liver for 30 and 60 days following oral administration. Fifty albino male rats are used in this study and they divided into five treatments each including five rats as control group, group administrated with 10mg/kg/day, group administrated with 20mg/kg/day, group administrated with 30mg/kg/day and group administrated with 40mg/kg/day of ibuprofen. The male rats were randomly divided into two main groups, comprising twenty-five rats for each group. The first main group was treated for 30 days and the second main group for 60 days. The animals were treated for 30 and 60 days following oral administration of 10, 20, 30, and 40mg/kg/day. The histological sections of the liver of the treatments at doses of 10, 20, 30, and 40mg/kg/day for 30 and 60 days showed high histopathological changes and their severity had raised by increasing concentration and exposure time.

Cyclophosphamide is a common anticancer drug that belongs to the nitrogen mustard group of alkylating agents, their acts by adding an alkyl group to DNA. Due to this cytotoxic property it is used extensively in a variety of carcinomas singly or in combination with other drugs to treat a variety of cancers. Purinergic nucleotides targets a group of receptors known as purinergic receptors, which fall into two classes P2Y and P2X receptors, the P2Y receptors are membrane bound G protein coupled receptors. Purinergic signaling has been shown to play a significant role in the regulation of proliferation in many animal and human tissues. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare and correlate histomorphological alterations in different anatomical sites of adult wistar albino rat induced by a gradual increase in cyclophosphoamide dose administered intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and correlate the effect of cyclophosphamide with purinergic receptor gene expression. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of cyclophosphoamide on histological and cellular changes when administered in two different methods as well as examine purinergic receptor gene expression post cyclophosphoamide injection. Material and methods: Laboratory wistar albino rats were injected with different bolus doses of cyclophosphoamide intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and were sacrificed after seven days. liver, kidney, testes and subcutaneous injection sites were examined histologically and compared to control animals. Purinergic receptors P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4 Gene expression changes were assessed using Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: histological examination of all tissues in both groups shows gradual cytotoxic effect of cyclophosphoamide reaching extreme histological damage with increased bolus dose. Tissue damage included hemorrhaging and lymphocytic collection. Gene fold change of purinergic receptors showed an increase in genetic expression of P2Y1, P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors in all examined site which indicates ectopic overexpression of purinergic receptors with increases cyclophosphamide specific dose. Increased gene fold change is an indication to cellular response to inflammatory histological damage caused by cyclophosphamide administration. The results of this study show that purinergic receptors are highly involved in cellular damage restoration through ectopic gene overexpression in tissues damaged by cyclophosphamide. Conclusion: This study concludes that cyclophosphoamide has a strong cytotoxic effect on certain organs if injected at a high dose intraperitoneally of subcutaneously. However histological damage is more prominent in intraperitoneal injected animals compared to subcutaneously injected animals. Cytotoxic effect and histological damage is confirmed by the gradual increase in purinergic receptors gene expression in both intraperitoneally and subcutaneously injected animals indicating an inflammatory response by increased gene fold change post administration of cyclophosphoamide and with gradual increase in cyclophosphoamide dose. It is a safer and less damaging to administer cyclophosphoamide subcutaneously

Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) is one of the frequently used spices in the world and medicinal plant, which has been used all over the world. This study was designed to investigate the role of aqueous ginger extract to inhibit the genotoxicity of methotrexate (MTX) in female albino mice by using these parameters: mitotic index (MI), chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronuclei formation (MNPCE) in somatic cells (bone marrow). The cytological protection of aqueous ginger extract (AGE) was performed at doses (25, 50) mg \ kg against MTX effects (0.5) mg/kg for three weeks exposure. The results revealed the high inhibitory effects of MTX for cell division in addition to induction of chromosome aberration with micronuclei formation, the absence of cytotoxicity for AGE at tested doses, and the inhibitory efficiency of AGE against the toxicity and mutagenicity of MTX, specially at the dose 50 mg\kg. From the results we can concluded that the AGE has a promising role in the protection of somatic cells from cytotoxic effects of methotrexate.

Samples from four sites of Al-Abbasiya River middle of Iraq were collected from sediment and macrophyta, for the period from March, 2012 to February, 2013including studying properties of physiological of aquatic macrophyta by selecting seven species of aquatic plants :Phragmites australis Cav., Typha domengensis per. Ceratophyllum demersumL., Elusine indica L Potomogeton. crispus L Potomogeton pectinatus L. and Myrophyllum verticillatum L. Physiological parameters include (Humidity, pH, TDS, Ascorbic acid, salinity, Chlorophyll, Cl).Typha domengensis reveled higher values of physiological characters compare with other studying species

Anabolic–androgenic.steroids (AAS) are artificial medications derivative from testosterone, the unrestrained custom of these drugs can cause numerous lateral influences. Sustanon is one of (AAS) and it is a famous promoting anabolism medication that is utilized to remedy reduction or absence of hormone secretion and retrieve normality of skeletal system epically muscles and bones. The present study has been conducted inAnimal House, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kufa between septemper 2019 and February 2020, study was aimed to show the histological effects of Su on liver and testes during four and eight weeks after intramuscular (IM) injection by 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/week in male rats. Fifty albino male Rats are used in present study, they were randomly divided into two main groups. Each main group is subdivided into five subgroups comprising five rats and including first subgroup is negative control group is injection (IM) with physiological normal saline, the second subgroup is positive control group is injection (IM) with sesame oil only, the third subgroup is injection (IM) with Su 50 mg/kg/week, the fourth subgroup is injection (IM) with Su 100 mg/kg/week and the fifth subgroup is injection (IM) with Su 150 mg/kg/week. The one main group is treatment for four and and two main group for eight weeks and after that rats are sacrificed. The histological sections of liver after treatment with Su doses 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/week for four and eight weeks shown extensive histopathological effects including sever congestion of blood vessels, degeneration in hepatocytes, widespread. inflammatory response consist of macrophages , lymphocytes and neutrophils (mononuclear cells), necrosis as well as fatty liver of concentration 150 mg/kg/week with prolong period eight week compare to negative, positive control and also compare to concentration 50 and100 mg/kg/week. The histological sections of testes after treatment with Su doses 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/week for four and eight weeks shown extensive pathlological effects including the blood vessels congestion, depletion of leydig cells, the significantly eroded appearance of seminferous tubules, damage in the interstitial connective tissue (necrosis) of concentration 150 mg/kg/week with prolong period eight week compare to negative, positive control and also compare to concentration 50 and100 mg/kg/week. In conclusion the doses 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/week and the period eight weeks of intramuscular (IM) injection of sustanon (Su) caused many significant pathological lesions in liver and tests in male’s rats.

تم القاء سمنر بخصوص التاثيرات النسجية الناتجة عن الإصابة بفايروس كورنا وذلك على قاعة المناقشات في قسم علوم الحياة حيث تم تسليط الضوء على اكثر التاثيرات النسجية التي يسببها فايروس كورونا على نسيج الرئة والكبد والكلية والخصية

سوف يتم عمل ورشة عمل لاعضاء اللجنة الامتحانية المكلفين باعداد بطاقة تخرج الطلبة لقسم علوم الحياة

تم الاشتراك ببحثين في المؤتمر العلمي الدولي الرابع للعلوم الهندسية والتقينات المتقدمة برعاية نقابة الاكاديميين العراقيين المنعقد للفترة من 3-4 حزيران 2022