علي اسكندر يوسف بيسلي

Abstract The response surface methodology was used to optimize the effect of three parameters, Bacillus subtilis (natto) Takahashi inoculum log (5–7 log CFU/g HDRB), initial water content (25%–45% w/v), and fermentation time (24–72 h), as independent variables on the extraction of the maximum water-soluble proteins and peptides (WSPP) from heat-stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB). The optimum conditions were achieved by fitting the second-order polynomial equation. The result showed that all the factors, initial water content, inoculum log, and fermentation time, were critical in extracting WSPP from HDRB. The predicted optimum conditions for highest amount of WSPP extracted were 40.96% w/v water content, 6.27 log CFU/g HDRB inoculum log, and 61.01 h fermentation time. Under these optimized conditions of solid-state fermentation (SSF), 64.6% ± 0.7% of total protein in HDRB was extracted as WSPP which was closer to the predicted value of 63.3%. While the WSPP extracted from nonfermented HDRB was 20.6%. The majority of the WSPP from SSF-HDRB had MW <5 kDa. The WSPP from SSF-HDRB showed significant radical scavenging activities (56%, 44.4%, and 84.5%) in comparison to that from HDRB (12.5%, 9.3%, and 35.5%), of free radical (DPPH), superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, respectively. The SSF method is an efficient method to extract proteins and hydrolysates from HDRB and can find application as an ingredient in suitable products. Furthermore, the higher antioxidant activity is indicative of its potential function in controlling the oxidative stability in food products.

Abstract Increasing market demand for sustainable, environmentally friendly edible film materials has called for the development of new customizable production methods utilizing emerging technologies such as 3D printing. We hereby report a new method to generate functional edible soy protein isolate films prepared from three types of soybeans (AR-R11-7999, MO-S17-17168, and MO-S17-19874R) using an innovative 3D printing technology. The protein contents in AR-R11-7999, MO-S17-17168, and MO-S17-19874R soybean meals and their corresponding protein isolates were 40.0, 39.1, and 39.9; and 84.5, 84.7, and 87.3 % (w/w, dry basis), respectively. Response surface methodology was used to maximize the tensile and puncture strength and minimize the thickness of the 3D-printed edible films using protein concentration, plasticizer concentration (glycerol), and drying time as the independent variables. The optimized film production conditions were determined as soy protein concentration: 8.91%, plasticizer concentration: 3.00%, and drying time: 3.98 h with a desirability value of 0.7428. The optimized conditions were then successfully verified with the original soybean lot with a nonsignificant difference in physical properties. At the optimized conditions, the 3D-printed edible films using three soybean lots revealed: 0.108–0.114 mm thickness; 14.79–16.07 MPa tensile strength; 6.97–8.20 N puncture strength; 90.81–91.53, −1.89 to −1.31, and 14.85–17.25 were color parameters L*, a*, and b*, respectively; 1.22–1.36 g/cm3 density; and 104.4–105.7% elongation at break ratio (%). Practical Application Edible soy protein films produced by an extrusion-based 3D printing approach are highly customizable and precise, and could be produced at an industrial scale. This newly produced environment-friendly soy protein-based edible film can serve as an alternate packaging to synthetic plastics and reduce the environmental landfill problem while adding value to soybean produced in the mid-south United States.

This study aimed to determine the effect of the herbicides, CLODEX 100EC (CL) and Conqer 80EC (CO), which are used to control wheat weeds, on non-target pathogenic fungi Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani. The effect of the herbicides on the solid culture medium (P.D.A.) for fungi was measured. The results showed that the herbicides were superior in inhibiting the pathogenic fungi in the solid culture medium P.D.A., where the inhibition rate reached (17.86, 26.67) %. However, in the liquid medium P.D.B., there was encouragement with the herbicides CLODEX 100EC and Conqer 80EC. The highest encouragement was in the treatment of the pathogenic fungus R.solani and the pesticide CLODEX 100EC (13.00)%. The study showed that the pathogenic fungi Rhizactonia solani and Fusarium solani have a high pathogenic ability and that the infection rate reached (100.00 and 50.32) % respectively on cucumber seeds.