الاء شاكر الناهي السوداني

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are prominent amongst the most generally endorsed solutions for extensive variety of musclo-skeletal (MSK) tissue disorders. Additionally, different NSAIDs, apart from diclofenac, may cause gastrointestinal ulceration, extreme harm in testis, renal, liver tissues and serious hematological problems. The aim of current study was to study the influence of diclofenac sodium in the male rat fertility. Method: This study involved 20 rats divided into four groups, each of five rats, as control and three active groups. The latter were treated with intramuscular diclofenac (50, 100 and 150mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. Results: The results showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in rats’ testes weights as compared with controls. In addition, testes from diclofenac-treated rats showed variable dose-dependent pathological changes that were revealed under light microscopy. Conclusion: Pathologically testicles damage related with NSAIDs isn’t pervasive, however, we think it is interesting to report these findings for the recognition of the histopathological changes over the duration of diclofenac cytotoxicity. © 2019, Indian Journal of Public Health Research and Development. All rights reserved.

: The prevalence of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) has been raised in Iraq. The medical costs of such increased prevalence are high. Global studies have revealed polymorphisms of MTHFR (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase) gene to be associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). This polymorphism can cause changes in various metabolic variables. Methods: The current study consists of 100 RA patients and 100 healthy control individuals. Variable parameters data included Anti-Cyclic cytrulinated peptide expression (ACCP), Rheumatoid factor (RF), C - reactive protein (CRP) in serum and Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) levels. Genotyping of MTHFR gene polymorphism is carried out by RFLP-PCR. Various statistical analyses were applied to analyze the data. Results: The estimation of immunological and biochemical data pointed out significant differences in Gender, RF, ACCP, CRP, ESR and age in RA when compared with those of the control group. The genotyping results were found to be consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The analysis of the genotype distribution under various inheritance models highlighted significant differences in SNP of MTHFR gene polymorphism among RA patients when compared with the control group under the dominant homozygote, heterozygote and recessive homozygote. The genotype and allele frequencies of the MTHFR SNP rs1801133; highlighted significant rises of the risk of RA CT (P =0.0335), (OR=1.9409), (95%CI 1.0532-3.5766) when compared with control subjects. We found that the CT genotype is associated with the risk of RA comparing with CC and TT genotypes. Clinical characteristics were observed to change significantly with respect to the genotype distribution (risk factors) of the investigated SNP. Conclusion: MTHFR gene polymorphism (rs1801133) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid arthritis in Najaf population

Summary In an attempt to study the influence of diclofenac sodium in the male rat fertility, This study consists of four groups of five rats each. First Group (control) received normal saline, second Group received diclofenac (50 mg/kg b.w), third Group rats received 100 mg/kg b.w. fourth group received 150 mg/kg b.w. all Groups were intramuscular injection of diclofenac sodium. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in testes weight as compared with control were (1.985g, 1.613g ,1.518 and 5.283)g respectively. Also we show high effect in testes tissue, testes of rats treated with 50mg/kg showing abnormal seminferous tubule shape, loss spermatogenesis, dissoluted parts of some seminiferous tubules and vacuolation of all tubules .the testes of rats treated with100mg/kg showing oligospermia and the basement membrane become thining and increased space between seminiferous tubules ,degeneration of interstitial leydic cells ,degeneration in spermatogonia, spermatid. the testes of rats treated with 150 mg/kg showing nuclear pyknosis of secondary spermatocytes vacuolation of germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules, when compared with control. The aim of the present study to evaluate the negative side effects resulting from using diclofenac sodium for a long time. Key words: Diclofenac sodium and male rat.

One of diabetic type 2 (T2D) complications is diabetic nephropathy, the glycated hemoglobin, poor diabetic control, are considered as risk factors for renal damage. current study aim the I/D polymorphism ACE gene and serum ACE levels may increase the diabetic nephropathy complications susceptibility in a sample population of Al-Najaf in Iraq. a total of 90 T2D patients(about 32 without nephropathy and 58 with nephropathy) and 50 healthy persons, all groups age were>45years old. The ACE I/D polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using special primers, followed by electrophoresis on 1.5% agarose gel. we record significant differences between the ACE I/D polymorphism in T2D and control was (P < 0.01). the DD genotype of ACE I/D polymorphism the risk for T2D increased (OR=7.2 fold), as well as, the carriers D allele, the risk (OR=0.55). also T2D patients had a significantly higher level in ACE in diabetic nephropathy(DN) and lower level in T2D without nephropathy if compared with controls (P < 0.01). Our evident show the carriers DD genotype had more serum ACE levels than carriers II genotype in T2D.

The occurrence of abnormal balance between both anti-oxidant defenses and free radicals raises the oxidative stress, which is associated with damage to macromolecules and cell dysfunction which leads to variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are multifunctional detoxification enzymes. An important condition influencing GSTs gene expression is oxidative stress, often noticed in diabetes. Multiplex PCR was conducted to detect the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. Observations on a 100 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 40 non diabetic as control were used. The associations of various null and present genotypes of both GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes with fast blood glucose, lipids profile and blood pressure were compared between the two groups. Null GSTT1 genotype (66%) was 5.11 folds more than control (27.5). Null GSTM1 genotype (65%) was 4.33 folds more than control (30%). NullGSTT1 and null GSTM1 genotype (60%) was 5.16 folds more than control (22.5%). Both present GSTT1 and present GSTM1 genotypes conferred statistical significance decrease in the risk to T2DM comparing to null genotypes. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP) was significantly higher in individuals of null GSTT1 and GSTM1 than in those with present GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes respectively. Fasting blood glucose and triglycerides were significantly higher in individuals of null GSTT1 than in those with present genotype, whereas, HDL was significantly lower than in those with present GSTT1 genotype. Fasting blood glucose and triglycerides of null GSTM1 genotype were significantly higher than in those with present GSTM1 genotype, whereas HDL was significantly lower than in those with present GSTM1 genotype (p ≤ 0.05)

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