الاء عبد علي حسن الخفاف

Abstract: This study was carried out to measure the effect of the aqueous extract of Artemisia vulgaris and salicylic acid in inducing resistance of tomato plants against infection with Fusarium wilt disease caused by the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and on indicators of growth of this plant. The results showed that treating tomato plants (in greenhouse conditions) with salicylic acid (SA) three days before to inoculation with the pathogen achieved complete protection for the plants from FOL infection. The percentage and severity of infection was 35.24 and 20.94%, respectively, when adding the non-sterile extract, while this percentage increased in tomato plants treated with the sterile extract to 100% and 90.94%, respectively, compared to the control treatment, in contrast, treatment with (SA) acid increased the growth indicators of the shoot and root system. The height of tomato plants, the fresh and dry weight of the shoot and root system and the chlorophyll content increased when compared with the control treatments. Key words: Salicylic acid, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Artemisia vulgaris, Lycopersicon esculentum.

Abstract: The study included the synthesis of silver nanoparticles AgNPs from a silver nitrate solution using the oyster and Pleurotus ostreatus assessed the efficacy of silver produced at three different concentrations (100,200,300 µg/mL) as bacteriostatic agents against Staphyllococcus aureus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and isolates. The study was conducted during the period from April 2018 to July 2019 at College of Science for Postgraduate Studies and the Fadel Center Labs. The isolation of oyster mushrooms was obtained from the Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Kufa. There were significant differences between the three concentrations used to inhibit the growth of two bacterial isolates. Higher concentrations were more efficient in inhibiting bacterial growth on the culture medium, regardless of the type of bacteria. Keywords: Nano-silver, Multi-resistance, Bacteria, Oyster mushroom

ABSTRACT The present study designed to investigate the possible efficacy of alcoholic extract of Ajwa fruit to prevent the hepatotoxicity and retrogression of the lipid profile that may be induced by OchratoxinA .This study was carried out in the animal house of Biology department – Faculty of Education for Girls ,forty male rats of strain ( Sprague – Daw ley ) were equally divided into four groups , the control ( first group ) was orally treated with 0.9% of normal saline solution , second group was also orally administrated with Ochratoxin A ( 289 µg / kg ) , the third group was orally received alcoholic extract of Ajwa dates ( 1 mg / kg ) + 289 µg / kg of Ochratoxin A respectively , while the fourth group was subjected to 1 mg / kg of Ajwa dates alcoholic extract + Ochratoxin A at the concentration of 289 µg / kg orally . The treatment of the four groups was once daily for the period of five days weekly. The statistical analysis for the results of present study has been showed a noticeable rise ( P< 0.05 ) in the levels of total cholesterol , triglycerides , low density lipoproteins ( LDL ) very density lipoproteins ( VLDL ) , total bilirubin , whereas a significant reduction ( P< 0.05 ) was revealed in the high density lipoprotein (HDL ) and glutathione levels in the experimental group of laboratory animals that submitted to Ochratoxin A in compared with the other groups of study .With regard to the histological examination for the liver sections of rats that treated with this type of the fungal toxin, several detrimental changes were diagnosed when compared with the othergroups. In the conclusion,Ajwa dates alcoholic extract was alleviated the deteriorative impacts of Ochratoxin A on the hepatic tissues and the lipid profile due to its effective chemical ingredients and potentialities

Abstract The plant extracts and their chemical components have a long history as antifungal agents to control the growth of isolations that released toxins and for this reason, they were used in the bio techniques as a preservative due to increased fungal resistance to the fungal antibiotics. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the alcoholic and aqueous extracts for Ajwa dates in inhibiting the production of Ochratoxin A from Aspergillus Niger, and study the possible protective effect of these extracts on the tissues of vital organs such as liver and kidneys against the toxicity that induced by Ochratoxin A. The analysis results of the chromatography methods (HPLC, TLC) showed an influence of these two extracts on the production of Ochratoxin A, and the full inhibitory impact for the production of this type of fungal toxin was in the two concentrations ( 25, 20 mg / mL) by using the medium of Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES). The present study did not find any significant differences (P˃0.05) between the activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract in Ochratoxin A inhibition. The present study performed in the animal house of Biology department/Faculty of Education for Girls, twenty laboratory male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into four equal groups, the first group of animals (control) was orally administrated with normal saline solution (0,9%),the second group was orally given alcoholic extract of Ajwa dates at the concentration of (1) mg/kg, while the third group was orally treated with Ochratoxin A at the concentration of (289) μg /kg ,with regard to the last group was orally received alcoholic extract of Ajwa dates (1) mg/kg + Ochratoxin A (289) μg /kg respectively, the treatment of all animals was once daily for five days a week. During this study the body weight as well as the relative weights of liver and kidneys for rats were recorded, also the effectiveness of some hepatic enzymes (Aspartate amino transferase AST, Alanine amino transferase ALT and Alkaline phosphatase ALP) was estimated, in addition to the other biochemical parameters such as urea and creatinine levels, also the study was comprised the preparation of histological sections for liver and kidneys. The statistical analysis results of the current study were revealed ,Ochratoxin A caused a significant decrease (P˂0.05) in the body weight at the group of rats that treated with it when compared with the other experimental groups ,contrary to that, the Ochratoxin A showed a significant increase (P˂0.05) in the relative weights of liver and kidneys ,effectiveness of hepatic enzymes AST,ALT , ALP, levels of urea and creatinine at the male rats were submitted to this type of mycotoxin compared to the other groups of study. In relation with the microscopic examination of liver and kidney sections for the laboratory animals that treated with Ochratoxin A, several patho-histological changes were noted as compared with the other groups. From the results of this study can be concluded that the alcoholic extract of Ajwa dates was ameliorated the functional performance of both liver and kidneys through its preservative properties to protect the tissues of those organs from the nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity that induced by Ochratoxin A. Keywords: Ochratoxin A, Ajwa dates, Path

اجريت صباح يوم الثلاثاء الموافق 1/2/2022 مناقشه رساله الماجستير لطالبتي رباب صباح عبد عون وكان موضوع الرساله هوتصنيع النانوي للصمغ العربي واستخدامه في تثبيط سم الفيومنزين المنتج من فطر fusarium oxysporium