Ahmed Burhan Abdulameer Alabbas

Abstract- Objective: To find out Association between serum bilirubin and oxygen saturation for newborn in Al Zahraa teaching Hospital the governorate of Najaf. Methodology the study covered cohvienance sample of (60) newborn in the present study individual in the sample was interviewed using a specific questionnaire form. The present study in order to achieve the early stated objectives for period from February 2017 to March 2017. Conclusion The overall of serum bilirubin major under study is reduced. The overall assessment of oxygen saturation is slightly affected, serum bilirubin with oxygen saturation SO2 non- significant. There is effect of the demographic characteristics on the overall assessment. Recommendation the future study association between breast milk and jaundice. The demographics and correlates of serum bilirubin levels. Educational program about breast feeding. Index Terms- Association, serum, bilirubin, oxygen, saturation,

Psychological Distress has recently been shown to have a negative impact on caregivers, but there has been little longitudinal research on this subject. Caregivers of children with Down Syndrome)DS) have a negative effect, they tend to be at a high risk of depression, tension, anxiety, and distress.  A descriptive (correlational) design study has been carried out  from September 5th  2020 to April 13th  2021 in order to assess the psychological distress among caregivers of children with down syndrome  and to find out the relationship between the psychological distress of caregiver and their socio-demographic characteristics. The results of the study revealed that caregivers of children with DS have severe level of psychological distress(38.7%). There is a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between Psychological Distress and some of the socio-demographic characteristics (child age , family member and trainings about down syndrome).  The present study recommends providing families with educational programs to increase parents  knowledge about etiology, signs and symptom and treatment of stress and providing scientific booklet, publication and journal about stress. In addition to increasing schools and institutes specialized in educating children with down syndrome, as they are few in the province of Najaf, and some of them are far from their places of residence.

Abstract Down’s Syndrome (DS) , also referred to as Trisomy 21 or the ‘congenital type’ is the most common chromosomal abnormalities, with neonatal incidences of 1/800–1/ 600, Trisomy 21 is characterized by irreversible mental retardation, moreover, Trisomy 21 is the most common hereditary causes of low intelligence and account for 90% of all neonatal chromosomal diseases.The current study used a quasi-experimental (study) design to determine the effectiveness of an educational program among caregivers of children with Down syndrome. Between the 4 th of April 2022 and the 2nd of July 2022. In order to assess the effectiveness of educational program among caregivers of children with Down syndrome. A non-probability sampling technique (purposive sample) of (42) caregivers of children with Down syndrome at Al'Raja Institute and Dima Institute in Najaf city.The study found that the majority of caregivers between the ages of 27 – 36 (50%),mother caregivers (66.7 %), those who are graduated from secondary school (31 %),those who are married (90.5 %) ; those who are employed (45.2 %) ; those who live in urban areas (92.9 %) ; those who are freehold owning their houses (57.1 %) ; those who were not trained for down Syndrome (76.2 %) ; those with no physical disease (83.3 %) ; those with no psychiatric disorder (88.1 %) .The results of the study revealed that the educational program was effective and there is a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between theoverall assessment of the knowledge of the caregivers of children with down syndrome and some of the socio-demographic characteristics (age , residency area). The present study recommends that further programs are required for educating families of children with Down syndrome about the disease, its symptoms, and how to interact with the patient. Along with expanding down syndrome-specific schools and institutions, as there aren't many of them in the Najaf province and some of them are located far from where the children live. Keywords education program,Caregivers, Down Syndrome

Abstract---Background: Epilepsy is a widespread health issue that has major consequences for people of all ages. Since they appear to be more likely to experience despair, stress, worry, and discomfort, parents of children with epilepsy have reported greater negative effects and poor psychological and physical health. Many caregivers struggle with patience and effective adversity adaptation. Therefore, easing parents' psychological distress and stigma will enable them to give their kids the greatest care possible, which will aid in the children' recovery. Objective aims to: Assess stigma and psychological distress among caregivers of children with epilepsy and Find out relationship between psychological distress and stigma of caregivers and their socio-demographic data. Methodology: A descriptive (correlational) quantitative study design has been carried out from September 22th 2021 to February 11th 2022 in order to assess stigma and psychological distress among caregivers of children with epilepsy and to find out the relationship between stigma and psychological distress of caregiver and their socio-demographic characteristics. A non-probability sampling technique (purposive sample) of (72) caregivers of children with epilepsy in Najaf City / Najaf Health Directorate / Sadr Medical City (Middle Euphrates Center for Neurosciences in Najaf Governorate). Results: The study found that the majority of caregivers are mothers (63.9%), and (36.1%) of them were in the age group range between (41 -49) years, married (80.6%), average education level (31.9%)were secondary school, barely sufficient income (45.8%), housewives (43.1%) live in the city (77.8%), The results of the study revealed that caregivers of children with epilepsy have moderate level of psychological distress(47.2%)and moderate level of social stigma(41.7%) , it also revealed a statistical relationship between psychological distress, stigma and some of socio- demographic data at p ≤ 0.05 . Conclusion: The majority of subjects have moderate levelof stigma (41.7%) and moderate level of psychological distress (47.2%). There is a significant relationship (P < 0.05) between level of stigma and some of the socio-demographic characteristics (caregiver, age , number of children and level of education). The measure of the level of psychological distress as well as the level of social stigma were average that a positive significant correlation (r=0.502) between psychological distress and social stigma. Recommendations: The present study recommends that educating families of epileptic patients through (educational programs) can help parents feel less stressed out by educating them about the disease, its symptoms, and how to interact with the patient. Collaborating with religious organizations to eliminate any stigma or stereotype about the condition that impacts children with epilepsy's future in all spheres of life, including as school, job, and marriage, thereby reducing the psychological burden on the patient and his family. Keywords---stigma, psychological distress, caregivers, epilepsy.

Abstract: Family is the frame in which the future adult child’s personality is formed and built. It is one of the most important socio-economic institutions in our society, but the nature of the links between family members varies dramatically across nationalities. Education refers to the purpose of improving the knowledge and skills affecting the personal unique normal and moral characters, which enhance human health activities. Academic performance in primary education plays a crucial role in obtaining further educational opportunities. The objective of the study is to assess the edu-cational performance among undergraduate nursing students and find out the relationship between educational performance among undergraduate nursing student and their socio-demographic char-acteristics. A descriptive (cross-sectional) design study was carried out throughout the present study to identify the Effect of Family size on Education Performance among Nursing Undergradu-ate Students at the University of Kufa, during the period from 5th January 2024 to 22nd May 2024. A non-probability purposive sample of (832) students was selected from the First stage 176 samples, Second stage 202, Third stage 262, and Fourth stage 195 sample. Students between the ages of 21-24 (49.2 %), male students (54 %) and females (46 %), third-stage students (31.3 %), single students (81.6%), and unemployed students (53.7%). Family members (5-7) (52.3%), residency area (51.6%). Students who live with both parents recorded 87.4%, especially with literate fathers and mothers (34.9 % and 36.8% respectively). It was higher for students with sufficient income (50.6 %) and those who live in urban areas (82 %) and freehold houses (80.4%), finally it was much higher in no failing year students with a percentage of 71.5. Gender, age, job, father's level of education, monthly in-come, residency area, housing ownership, and failing years were statistically significant while other parameters regarding socio-demographic characteristics of students were not significant. Conduct-ing more research on educational performance and family characteristics and via sessions and a brochure, parents must gain adequate information about student-related factors in accounting for academic achievement. Keywords: Family size, Educational Performance, Nursing students

The academic and the students were invited to the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024, under the supervision of (Haider Hamza Ali and Assistant Professor Hussam Mutasher Zan and Assistant Professor (Scientific Entertainment), and all students were able to see people suffering from psychiatric nursing assessment (psychiatric nursing assessment). The students were taken to the medical center, which is distinguished by (the center for drawing and manual skills, music therapy, and experimental or dramatic theater), where a lecture was given by members of the center, optional, about the activities that are practical as part of the members of the therapeutic programs. But the most important information and skills that the students saw during the scientific visit are: What are they? What are they?