Ahmed Jumah Mhawes Albobsairi

In this research the structural and optical Properties of copper oxides, Cu2O and CuO semiconductor films had been concentrated on, which arranged with 300 nm thickness by spray pyrolysis method at 200, 250 and 300oC substrate temperatures on glass substrates from 0.2M (CuCl2•2H2O) broke down in refined water. The phase existed were studied by the X-ray diffraction analysis and their effect on the optical properties. Keywords: CuO, Cu2O spray pyrolysis, optical properties, substrate temperature.

This study depends on the soluting of differential equation a ccomplished the following :- Calculating (time whitening , density with time , time with Temperature using laser Er:YAG wavelength (2940nm) . mathematical relation have been studied with the following (density , time whitening , time activation , Temperature) . The result of research showed that density increases with time whitening , through which we can notice obtain typical designs for this type of laser and study effects compartion with other type The laser Er:YAG beam is fully absorbed in the gel and does not penetrate to the hard tissue or the lip.

This study depends on the soluting of differential equation a ccomplished the following :- Calculating (time whitening , density with time , time with Temperature using laser Er:YAG wavelength (2940nm) . mathematical relation have been studied with the following (density , time whitening , time activation , Temperature) . The result of research showed that density increases with time whitening , through which we can notice obtain typical designs for this type of laser and study effects compartion with other type The laser Er:YAG beam is fully absorbed in the gel and does not penetrate to the hard tissue or the lip.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a noninvasive treatment option for urolithiasis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of pulse repetition frequency of shock waves on ESWL efficiency in urinary stones fragmentation. Two hundred patients were included in this study. Their age ranging from 16 to 70 years. They divided into two groups. One of the groups was treated with shock waves at 60 pulse/min. and the other group was treated with shock waves at 90 pulse/min. We found that the shock waves with 60 pulse/min. produced better success rate than the shock waves with 90 pulse/min. With 60 pulse/min. about 69% of the patients were stone free after the first ESWL session and only 56% were stone free after the first session with 90 pulse/min. shock waves.