عبدالله عبيس منصور الحاتمي

Background and Aim: Antibiotic-resistant Salmonella is a public health concern. Fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum beta-lactams are widely used for the treatment of Salmonella infections. This study focused on the detection of plasmidmediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes among multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica isolated from broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 non-typhoidal S. enterica isolates were collected from 28 broiler chicken farms in four Iraqi Governorates. These isolates were examined for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents by disk-diffusion method followed by polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of PMQR determinants and ESBLs genes. Results: Salmonella strains revealed high levels of resistance to the following antibiotics: Nalidixic acid 100%, levofloxacin (LEV) 97.5%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 95.0%, tetracycline 92.5%, and nitrofurantoin 80.0%. Otherwise, all isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. All isolates were MDR, with 15 different profiles observed. Among 38 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant Salmonella isolates, 20 (52.6%) had the blaTEM gene, while blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA genes were not detected. Only 5 (12.8%) out of 39 LEV-resistant isolates were positive for qnrB, three of which had blaTEM. No qnrC or qnrD, qnrS, aac(6`)-Ib-cr, qunA, and oqxAB genes were found in any of the tested isolates. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that broiler chickens may be considered a potential source for spreading MDR nontyphoidal Salmonella and ESBL traits in poultry production. Therefore, it is important to continuously monitor ESBL and PMQR genes to avoid the spread of resistant strains in the food chain and impact public health.

Background and Aim: Swollen head syndrome (SHS) is a complex disease caused by various agents, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as environmental factors. Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases and SHS in poultry and one of the most widespread viruses worldwide; however, it has not been recorded in Iraq. This study aimed at the molecular identification and subtyping of aMPV in poultry, with the objectives of investigating the prevalence of aMPV in infected broiler flocks with SHS and molecular typing using primers specific to the study of the prevalence of subtypes A, B, and C of aMPV. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 67 broiler farms that reported typical SHS from September 2018 to August 2019. Swabs were collected from the trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lung, then uploaded on FTA cards and subjected to an RNA extraction protocol. Results: aMPV was detected in 16 (23.8%) samples. Molecular typing using primers specific to the attachment glycoprotein (G) gene showed that all positive samples belonged to subtype B, as assessed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Conclusion: aMPV may be the main etiological factor causing SHS in poultry. Moreover, this was the first report of the prevalence of subtype B aMPV strains in broiler farms in Iraq.

Campylobacter is a major public health problem, leading to foodborne diarrhea in the world. The current study aimed to isolate Campylobacter in different sources of poultry and determine antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 150 fecal and 29 cloacal swabs were obtained from poultry farms (84 cloacal swabs) and live bird markets (LBMs), respectively, and 37 cecal swabs were also acquired from a local slaughterhouse located in the middle Euphrates region. Campylobacter Species (spp.) was first isolated and characterized by conventional bacteriological methods. Secondly, the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was investigated by disc diffusion method. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter spp. isolated from fecal cloacal and cecal poultry samples was 24% (36 out of 150). All strains were resistant to Nalidixic acid and Ciprofloxacin (100%), with high resistance to Tetracycline (88.8%), Ampicillin (83.3%), Sulpha/Trimethoprim (80.5%), Erythromycin (50%), and Ceftriaxone (50%), but less resistant to Gentamicin (30.5%), Amoxi-Clav (27.7%), and Chloramphenicol (22.2%). The majority of isolates (97.2%) scored a multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.3 or more, and 35 (97.2%) isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Particularly, 61.1% of the isolates were multidrug resistance (MDR), 36.1% of the isolates were extensively drug resistant, and 2.8% of the isolates were Pan drug resistant. Moreover, the current study detected 24 multiple resistance patterns from 36 isolates of Campylobacter spp., and most of the isolates (27 out of 36) displayed an important route of resistance to Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, and Tetracycline. Based on the results, increased resistance rates to commonly used antibiotics in Campylobacter were recovered from poultry farms, LBMs, and local slaughterhouses. The majority of strains were MDR to commonly used antimicrobials with elevated MAR indices, requiring implementation of a national strategy to improve husbandry practice and the effective use of antibacterial agents, alternatives, and vaccines.

Background and Aim: The swollen head syndrome (SHS) makes up complex diseases that infect the upper respiratory tract in poultry and causes several economic losses. Furthermore, this syndrome is considered one of the multifactorial etiological agents. Therefore, this study isolated and molecularly detected Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in poultry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at 67 broiler farms that had birds observed to be infected with the SHS from September 2018 until August 2019. Subsequently, swabs were collected from their trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lungs, after which obtained samples were treated through two methods: (a) The direct method, by uploading samples on FTA cards, and the indirect method using a transport media. Afterward, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the directly treated samples; howeverAQ1, the culture method, followed by PCR, was used to analyze the indirectly treated samples. Next, a partial 16S RNA gene was isolated using four positive PCR products, after which the effect of 16 antibiotics was studied on the seven local ORT strains isolated. Results: The quantity of ORT isolated using the direct method was 28 (41.7%) samples, which were all positive for the strain. Identification was by direct molecular identification (RT-PCR) from samples loaded on FTA cards. Alternatively, 7 (10.4%) ORTs were detected from the indirect method, as obtained using the culture method and biochemical tests. Then, PCR was subsequently used to confirm the results. As observed, 784 bp bands were shown for all seven ORT isolates. Furthermore, results revealed a significant difference in the detection of ORT strains between direct and indirect methods, with p-value (<0.05) and standard deviation of the error±0.038 for the direct, then ±0.061 for the indirect method. For further analysis on the strain types, four 784 bp PCR products were taken, then partial 16S ribosomal sequence typing was conducted. All these four strains were found to be recorded in NCBI for the 1st time as a local Iraqi strain, with accession numbers (MN931657, MN931656, MN931655, and MN931654). Notably, results also showed that all isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: From the results, ORT is proposed to be implicated as one of the etiological factors that cause SHSs in poultry. Phylogenetic analysis of the current ORT bacterial strains also showed that they are closely related to the Egyptian isolates.

Background and Aim: Infectious bronchitis (IB) has an influential economic impact on the poultry industry, causing huge losses each year due to the condemnation of infected chickens. Despite the use of many kinds of vaccines in Iraq, it is common to find IB problems in vaccinated chickens. Information about the strains that affect Iraqi chickens is very limited. Therefore, we aimed to detect the currently circulating strains of IB virus that cause frequent outbreaks in egg layers despite the use of vaccination against the virus. Materials and Methods: Isolate detection, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis were performed using a rapid IB virus antigen kit (32 tracheal swabs), flinders technology associates (FTA) card (32 tracheal swabs), and partial gene sequencing (16 positive FTA samples). Results: The isolated strain was different from other strains, especially the strain isolated in the North of Iraq (Sulemania Strain) and shares 98% homology with an Israeli strain (Israel variant 2, IS 1494). Conclusion: Although more studies are needed to detect IB virus strains circulating in Iraq, this work lays the foundation for making a good strategy to control the disease and selecting vaccines that should be used in farms. Keywords: infectious bronchitis, phylogenetic tree, poultry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, spike 1 gene.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus)causes a difficult problem in the poultry industry because it causes diseases thatare difficult to treatdue to the resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics and their possession of a battery of virulence and resistance genes in addition to their ability to producethick biofilms.Method: A cross-sectional studyconducted to collecta total of 53samples from different clinical cases in broilers during the period from August 2019 to February 2020in Al-Najaf and Karbala cities,The clinical isolates were determined by using the conventional standard biochemical tests. All the specimens cultured on blood agar medium supplemented with 5% blood for primary isolation and selected by using selective mediamannitol salt agar(MSA) for confirmation the mannitol fermentation, then subjected to gram’s staining, catalase, oxidase,and further slidecoagulase test, then allS. aureusisolatestested by antibiotic susceptibility test, and screened for the presence of mecA and mecC genes using PCR for the detection of MRSA isolates, then subjected to the detection of virulence genes (pvl and eta), antibiotic resistance gene (cfr), identification of integron class 1, biofilm formation assay, themulti-druge resistance profiles(MDR)and multible antibiotics resistance (MAR)indexes werecalculated.Results: the isolation rate of S. aureusfrom the broilers'clinical samples was 37.7%. The antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that 85%of S. aureusisolateswere resistant to one or moreofthe antibiotic tested. All 53isolates were assessed for the presence of mecA and mecC genes byusingPCR. The mecA gene-specific PCRproductwas seen in 7 (35%)isolates and considered as MRSA. Among all S. aureus isolates,two isolates were positive for the eta gene, and 15 (75%) isolates harboring integron class 1, while the biofilm formation test revealed that 7 (35%) was positive biofilm producers and three of them werestrong producers,consequentlly, 13 (65%) of the isolates wereresisted to three or more antibiotics and considered as MDR strains.While pvl, cfr, and mecC gene werenot detected among S. aureus isolates.Conclusion:the current study revealed thatS. aureuspossessa real threat in the poultry industry reflectingapublic healthproblemdue to the large acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes by these bacteria,the results indicated a high percentage of isolates havingMDR characteristic, and two of them were resistant to all antibiotics tested.In addition to the presence of two MRSA isolates carrying the eta gene, this indicatingthat they are of human origin.

قام فرع الصحة العامة البيطرية في كلية الطب البيطري جامعة الكوفة، ورشة عمل بعنوان (مقررات المناهج الدراسية في جامعة جورجيا الحرة، جورجيا)، يوم الاثنين الموافق ٥/١٢/٢٠٢٢، قدمها الاستاذ الدكتور عبدالله عبيس الحاتمي. تضمنت الورشة عرضا للاهداف والغايات التي من أجلها صمم المنهاج الدراسي لكلية الطب البيطري في جامعة جورجيا الحرة. كما تم استعراض أقسام الكلية الأساسية والسريرية. وتهدف الورشة الى بيان رؤية الكلية في منح شهادة البكالوريوس والماجستير للخريجين، وكيف تم تصميم مقررات المناهج لكي تتلائم مع متطلبات سوق العمل حاضرا ومستقبلا، ضمن خطة طموحة لجذب الطلبة الراغبين بدراسة الطب البيطري وتأهيلهم للعمل في القطاعات المختلفة. وشهدت الورشة نقاشات علمية حول الفروقات بين المناهج المعمول بها في العراق وجورجيا، وتحديد مواطن القوة والضعف لغرض الاستفادة منها في تطوير مناهجنا الدراسية.

استعراض اللوائح العالمية للاحتياجات الغذائية العضوية للدواجن ومواصفات منتجات الدواجن من اللحوم والبيض العضوي مع وضع معايير عراقية لاول مرة على مستوى العراق بما نراه يتماشى مع اللوائح العالمية ومجالس الغذاء والصحة الدولية لانتاج دواجن عضوية في العراق وتركيب علائقها 2023

شارك الاستاذ الدكتور عبدالله عبيس الحاتمي التدريسي في فرع الصحة العامة في كليتنا بتاريخ يوم الخميس الموافق ١٣-١٠-٢٠٢٢.. برئاسة لجنة مناقشة رسالة الماجستير الموسومة (antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus and rhaminosus on some bacterial species isolated from wound infections) للطالب نصير صباح، في فرع الأحياء المجهرية، كلية الطب، جامعة واسط. ويذكر ان الدراسة تم تحث إشراف الاستاذ المساعد الدكتور جاسم الموسوي. وبعد مناقشة علنية، اجيزت الرسالة بتقدير امتياز. .. بهذه المناسبة نبارك للاخ الاستاذ الدكتور مناقشة هذا الجهد العلمي المبذول ... ونتمى له المزيد من العطاء والرقي والتقدم المتواصل

تلقى الاستاذ الدكتور عبدالله عبيس منصور الحاتمي رئيس قسم الصحة العامة في كلية الطب البيطري كتاب شكر وتقدير من مستشفى النجف التعليمي. تقديراً لجهوده في إلقاء محاضرات حول السلامة الحيوية والمعايير المخبرية الدولية.

http://elearning.uokufa.edu.iq/moodle/vet/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=118

http://elearning.uokufa.edu.iq/moodle/vet/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=119