افتخار خضير عباس التميمي

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy with a high mortality in females worldwide. Tumor suppressor genes had significant role to maintain genome integrity and the cell cycle. In particular PTEN is a candidate tumor suppressor gene, It has a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway which has a major role in carcinogenesis and dysregulation of it occurs repeatedly in breast cancer. Aim: this article aimed to appraise the associations between PTEN expression in patient had breast cancer with clinic pathological parameters including: age, histological types, and status of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER-2/nue receptor, to check the impact of its expression on clinical outcome. Materials and methods: in this case-control study, formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue from sixty patients with breast carcinoma and twenty patients without cancer (as control groups). Labeled Streptavidin-Biotin (LSAB +) method used to detect PTEN protein expression, HER2/neu, ER and PR receptors by immunohistochemical assay, and then we correlate PTEN expression with each biomarkers and clinic pathological characteristics. Results: 29/60 (45.3%) of cases decreased PTEN expression while its expression retained in 31/60 (51%) of cases. Loss of expression significantly associated: with lymph node metastasis (p-value=0.0008), high grade (p< 0.05) , high stage (p-value=0.0001) and with triple negative breast cancer (p-value=0.03). However, loss of PTEN protein expression did not correlate with age, histological types, estrogen, progesterone and HER-2 receptors status. Conclusion: PTEN loss can predict aggressive behavior and worse outcome in patients had breast cancer.

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of wheat gluten and relatedproteins of rye and barley in genetically susceptible individuals. Its diagnosis is based on clinical manifestations,endoscopic finding serological markers and histopathology Aims: to correlate the degree of mucosal damageaccording to modified Marsh grading system histopathological with clinical finding, endoscopy and serology.Methods: in this cross sectional study, one hundred patients included, for each one upper GIT endoscopy,microscopic examination of biopsy specimens from duodenum, serum anti tissue transglutaminase antibodies levelwere analyzed. Results: 83% of patient have tipical clinical feature of celiac disease but with accuracy (54.7%).Theupper intestinal endoscopy reveal (53 %) of cases had features of celiac disease, with accuracy of (84.1 %) morethan clinical finding in the diagnosis .A significant correlation (p value < 0.001) obtained between serum level ofanti tTG antibody and histopathology with sensitivity of (95.7%) and specificity of (91.8%). In addition there ispositive linear correlation between these two parameters (r=+0.942). Conclusion: Clinical presentations lackspecificity. Endoscopy has relatively good sensitivity and specificity. Serum level of anti-tTG antibody have highsensitivity and specificity therefore, it is reliable mean for prediction and diagnosis of celiac disease. (PDF) The correlation of modified Marsh grading system in relation to clinico pathological and serological assessment in early diagnosis of celiac disease. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344754482_The_correlation_of_modified_Marsh_grading_system_in_relation_to_clinico_pathological_and_serological_assessment_in_early_diagnosis_of_celiac_disease [accessed Feb 22 2024].

pleuroscopy; pleural effusion; tuberculosis; adenocarcinoma In about 25-40% of pleural effusion cases not reached to diagnosis, so taking a pleural biopsy may decrease the number of cases with difficulty in diagnosis of pleural effusion. Using pleuroscopy has high accuracy in the diagnosis of these cases. It is safe with complications. In this study, 60 patients who underwent a pleural biopsy by pleuroscopy were studied with unknown causes of pleural effusion. The mean age was (51-/+13.2) and male to female ratio was 4 to 1. There were 36.6% of cases diagnosed with tuberculosis, 23.3% of cases diagnosed with adenocarcinoma. Pleuroscopy failed to reach a diagnosis in 16.6% only. So, the pleuroscopy yields high accuracy in the diagnosis of pleural effusion with unknown causes

Human Papilloma Virus is a DNA virus, epitheliotropic, non-enveloped, with a double strand circular genome, and about 8,000 pb, measuring 55 nm in diameter.Aim of study: Highlighting the relationship between the occurrence of premalignant laryngeal lesions and human papillomavirus like a causal factor together with development of laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Methodology: Fifty cases of laryngeal cancer and premalignant laryngeal lesions are incorporated within this study. Tissues were saved within formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin blocks. We used Immunohistochemical technique in order to prove the correlat ion between HPV infection and those laryngeal lesions.