الخلاصة

Abstract This investigation was carried out to utilize chicken feather for processing protein hydrolysate for nutrition benifet ,animal feed formulation, as well as utilizing such waste materials reduces poullition risks . This research project employed four different methods for manufacture of protein hydrolysate and were as follows: 1.Chemiceal method, was carried out in two different procedures being, a)Acid digestion with hydrochloric acid of (1,2,5,10,15)% at 85ْc for different periods. b)Alkali digestion with sodium hydroxide of (1,2,5,10,15)% at 85ْc for different periods. 2. Physical method, autoclaving at 135ْc 35psi for different periods. 3. Enzymic method, comprised of three different treatment, with enzyme (No.1),enzyme (No.2) and equal mixture of (No.1+No.2) . Different enzyme rates and incubation periods were carried out at 45ْc for each treatment . 4. Joint method (physical-enzymic method), included physical method mentioned above followed by enzyme (No.1) treatments at different rates and incubation periods. It was found that the joint method which employed autoclaving at 135ْc and 35psi for 60 minutes and followed by enzymic treatment with 0.2% enzyme (No.1)and incubation at 45ْc for 48hours gave the best results . As for as degree of protein hydrolysis, quality, economic factor, electrophoresis tests , and lack of bitter taste in the product, is concerned . The characters of processed protein hydrolysate were examined and compared with both commerieal protein and untreated feather powder . The HPLC analysis was performed to determine the amino acid content in both samples. The functional properties of protein hydrolysates were assayed and compared with other proteins. The examined characters were swelling, water holding capacity, solubility and the capacity of pepsin and trypsin to digest protein (external digestion) . The processed product was incorporated in an experimental diet for feeding broiler(fawbro) . The trial was carried out at college of Agriculture from University of Kufa. Complete randomized design (CRD) was employed with 210 chick at three replicates. Each replicate included 10 chicks of 1day old and 45g in weight. The trial was divided into seven treatments according to formulated diets. The composition of each diet was identical except quantity and quality of protein used in formulation , and they were as follows: 1. Control, commercial protein at rate of 10%. 2. Partial substitution for feather powder at rate of 2.5% . 3. Partial substitution for protein hydrolysate at rate of 2.5% . 4. Partial substitution for feather powder at rate of 5.0% . 5. Partial substitution for protein hydrolysate at rate of 5.0% . 6. Partial substitution for protein hydrolysate at rate of 7.0% . 7. Complete substitution for protein hydrolysate at rate of 10.0% . The groups were feed from day one until four weeks (28 days) on starter diet and then on growth diet up to eight weeks (56 days). Both diets were formulated according to NRC(1994) . Health and preventive measures were followed through breeding period. The growth indices for chicks included, live weight, daily intake of diet, weight increase, food conversion coefficient, and mortality rate. It was found that treatment (6) gave the best results and showed insignificant difference (P<0.05) as comparsed with control (treatment). While other treatments showed lower performance and varied significantly (P,0.05) for daily intake of ration. It was concluded the processed protein hydrolysate can be substuted at rate protein concentrate in both starter and growth ration for broiler with out adverse effect as far as performance in broiler growth is concerned .